Frederick Douglass was born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore in 1818. His arduous childhood makes Abraham Lincoln’s sound like a cozy episode of Little House on the Prairie. He had only the vaguest memories of his mother from his earliest years. She was a comforting presence beside him as he slept, but every morning, before he woke, she was gone. For most of Douglass’s childhood, she lived and worked on a neighboring plantation about twelve miles away, and she died when he was seven. He never knew his father, nor even his identity, although he was rumored to be the White slave master. He lived in the rough cabin of his grandmother until he was six, when he was sent to another Maryland plantation, and then to serve a family in Baltimore. He recalled that there, at last, he experienced some kindness from a White adult. Sophia, his master’s wife, treated him “as she supposed one human being ought to treat another.”
Sophia began teaching Frederick the alphabet when he was about twelve years old. He was an eager and avid learner. After only a few months, though, Sophia’s husband put a stop to the lessons. Douglass heard his white master angrily tell his wife that if slaves learned to read, they would want to be free. It was from that moment, he later wrote, that he realized that literacy paved the way toward freedom. He continued learning on his own, sometimes with the help of White children and their discarded schoolbooks. Even the smallest scrap of reading material was a treasure to the young man.
Douglass attempted to share the privilege of literacy with his peers. Sunday evenings were typically a time of much-needed respite and fellowship for plantation slaves. For about a year, while still a teenager, he led a “Sabbath School,” teaching reading to about forty or so fellow enslaved men and women. They took great care to keep from their White overseers the true purpose of these weekly gatherings.
Douglass’s living conditions changed frequently as he was hired out to a series of owners, one who was relatively kind, but some quite cruel. While working at a shipyard in Fell’s Point in Baltimore, he relished a degree of less stringent supervision. There he met and fell in love with Anna Murray, a free Black woman five years his senior. Anna must have been a remarkable, quietly bold young woman. She encouraged Frederick’s growing determination to achieve freedom. With her contacts, knowledge of the city, and her savings, the dream, it seemed, might well become reality. Together, they worked out the details of a daring escape plan. In September 1838, dressed as a sailor and carrying identity papers obtained from a free Black man, Douglass boarded a northbound train in Baltimore. Via train and steamboat, he made his way first to Havre de Grace, Maryland, then to Wilmington, Delaware, on to Philadelphia, and finally, about twenty-four hours later, to an abolitionist’s safe house in New York City. He was twenty years old.
Douglass later wrote that mere words were insufficient to express the joy he felt in obtaining freedom:
A new world had opened upon me. If life is more than breath, and the ‘quick round of blood,’ I lived more in one day than in a year of my slave life. . .In a letter written to a friend soon after reaching New York, I said: ‘I felt as one might feel upon escape from a den of hungry lions.’
Anna followed him shortly afterward, and they were married by a Black Presbyterian minister. The couple settled first in New Bedford, Massachusetts, a hub of abolitionist activity. Frederick found work (paid work, for the first time, ever), on the shipyards. He and Anna became active in a local church, and Frederick threw himself into anti-slavery efforts. In only a few years, he would become a sought-after preacher, orator and best-selling author of three autobiographies. Eventually he would be known the world over as a brilliant, prophetic voice and a force to be reckoned with in the abolitionist movement.
Thank goodness for Anna Murray. Perhaps, even without her assistance, her financial and emotional support, another avenue toward freedom may have opened for Douglass. But then again, perhaps not.
There are days when, with absolutely no justifiable reason, I find myself vaguely, and typically briefly, on the edge of despair. I’m a victim of nothing but my own endlessly circling, malignant thoughts. I try to break the cycle with reminders of the countless blessings for which I’m grateful. Among these, I count the examples of Frederick Douglass and his resourceful, encouraging partner Anna Murray. I think of the seemingly insurmountable odds they overcame. I think of how much they achieved in their efforts to improve the lives of their fellow brothers and sisters. I remind myself not to take for granted two gifts I was born into, and for which Douglass chose to fight so fiercely to win: the right to literacy and freedom.























































